The effect of the remote electronic answer method and the paper and pencil method on the psychometric properties of the psychological scale Items (psychological hardness as a model)

The current research aims to study the impact of the response method on the psychometric properties of the psychological hardness scale among university students and to achieve the objectives of the research, the researchers applied the psychological hardness scale prepared by the researchers consisting of (42) items with three answer alternatives in the style of verbal attitudes (a, b, c) The sample of statistical analysis to extract the psychometric properties consisted of (432) male and female students The scale validity coefficient was calculated in two ways, the virtual honesty by presenting it to a group of experts in the field of psychometrics and by Indicators of the sincerity of the construction of the coefficients of the sincerity of the Items calculated through the correlation coefficient between the degree of the Items and the degree of the field and were all honest and the average of their calculation (0.367) and the coefficient of discrimination Items calculated in the manner of the two extreme groups and all Items were distinctive and the average of their calculation was (5,643) so the scale was considered validity, and the coefficient of stability of the scale was calculated by Alpha Cronbach its value (0.723), which is a high value, and the experimental approach was adopted with the design of repeated measurements, and in order to achieve the objectives of the research applied the scale to a sample Of the university students (120) male and female students from the College of Basic Education - University of Duhok, for the academic year (2021-2022), in two ways, the first is paper and pencil and the second electronic remotely. One of the most important results recorded statistically significant differences in the coefficients distinguish Items in favor of the electronic method for and recorded statistically significant differences between the coefficients of the validity of Items and in favor of the electronic method remotely, and no statistically significant differences were recorded between the coefficients of stability of Items.