The impact of reference in the criticism of Omar Al Talib Ancient Arab criticism as a model

The concept of references appears in literary and critical discourse, ancient and contemporary, within the framework of a linguistic formation based on the critic's memory, which is filled with previous readings, diverse cognitive backgrounds, and diverse experiences according to the principle of returning to the use of accumulated knowledge and perceptions stored in the critical mind and benefited from by the critic at the moment of critical and creative writing, reflecting the subjectivity of the creator and the cognitive orientation of the critic. At that time, the concept of references occupies a prominent position in the field of literary criticism, with the impact it provides in directing the recipient to the sources and intellectual and subjective starting points in the textual context, which makes the issue of references seem like a natural birth of the theory of reception and interpretation.
Through this vision, this study addresses the critical references in Omar Al-Talib's criticism, which are provided by ancient Arab criticism; To demonstrate the impact of these references on his critical orientation and style and to reveal his critical vision through his dealing with the ancient Arabic critical text in crystallizing the critical approaches in which the student wrote, he establishes these approaches by returning to the Arabic critical heritage and searching in its founding sources and dusting off the features and signs of this or that approach. The research is divided into an introduction, two axes and a conclusion. In the introduction, he addressed the concept of reference in its original linguistic position and in terminology, then explained its importance in the text, as through it the researcher can determine the intellectual, artistic and cultural starting points in formulating the text. The first axis focused on the impact of critical references in literary criticism in the criticism of Omar Al-Talib as he wrote in the critical approaches through which Arab scholars began to document the history of Arabic literature. We limited ourselves to two types of these approaches: the division into literary schools, the approach of arts and purposes. As for the second axis, it focused on the impact of the same references in the students approach to the critical approaches that existed and developed and for which Western criticism was established. We chose two approaches: the psychological approach and the structural approach, as one of them represents the contextual approach and the other represents the textual approach, then a conclusion containing the most prominent results reached by the research.