https://rjps.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/radab <div><strong>The Journal of Adab Al-Rafidayn (RADAB)</strong> is a national, open-access, peer-reviewed, scholarly journal issued quarterly under the Creative International License (CC-BY); the Journal has been published since 1972 on behalf of the College of Arts and the University of Mosul is the publisher. RADAB adopted a unique DOI number [10.33899/radab] obtained for each article published since 2005 until now. The RADAB uses a double-blind peer-reviewing system to ensure the quality of the publication. All manuscripts should be submitted through our online manuscript management system. The author should first register in our system and then submit their manuscript. We will use iThenticate to check plagiarism before sending it to reviewers, who should be under 20%. We will notify corresponding authors about their manuscripts through our online system within one to two months.</div> <div>RADAB publishes open-access articles, which means that all articles are available on the internet to all users immediately upon publication. All articles published in the RADAB are open-access and immediately available to read, download, and share. Articles published in the RADAB are under the terms of a Creative Commons license 4.0 (CC-By), which permits users to read, print and download, or redistribute, translate the article, download for text and data mining purposes, reuse portions or extracts from the article in other works. The RADAB is committed to upholding Publication Ethics (COPE) and obligates the authors to avoid plagiarism and illegal citation.</div> <div>The 'Adab Al-Rafidayn journal accepts and publishes only unpublished research conducted by scholars of the College of Arts or by postgraduate students in all Humanities and social sciences spheres. All the journal issues, from the first issue of 1971 to now, are now accessible, and the number of publications available on the journal platform is more than 2,400 research studies. The editorial board is trying hard to get the journal indexed in the global citation database. The Article Processing Charge for the journal is 100 US$ for international authors and 150.000 ID for Iraqi authors inside Iraq.</div> en-US [email protected] (Ammar Abd-Allateef Abd-Alalli) [email protected] (Ammar Zean-AlAbdeen ) Wed, 25 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000 OJS 3.3.0.7 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 https://rjps.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/radab/article/view/1 <![CDATA[History and reality are considered as the basic aspects of the narrative works Emaduddin Khalil done well in employing artistically not as historian or as social researcher but he was a novelist of obvious vision of the world in his novel Al-seif Al-kalima that has been evaluated to be additional novel. These characters were samples of real people in Islamic society.]]> Amar A.safaar,, Copyright (c) https://rjps.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/radab/article/view/1 Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://rjps.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/radab/article/view/2 <![CDATA[sociology of folk markets generally can be looked at from perspectives: one is constructional while the othe is civil markets, however combine both aspects. They are constructional economically and civil with respect to shoppers being member in social culture. Some sciences tend to see folk market of economical significance, other of historical or ecological ones. Each science _ including sociology_ is rightful in its claim because this topic cam be tackled from various perspectives. This reason motivated the researcher to tackle folk market _Mbeing a filed of sociology _ from know ledge and civil sociology perspectives. The research provides evidences that affirm this fact. It provides a frame work within individual and group social acts get activated in folk pattern. The researcher found that the most suitable methodology for this research is that of knowledge sociology and ethno methodology because these two methodologies are rich with term and concepts that stem form the daily life of folk market. The research is divided into two axes knowledge sociology, social phenomenons knowledge sociology, deity life, sociological folk and knowledge ethno methodology. The second, however, tackles the sociological civil knowledge of mosuli markets. It ends with a brief summary of the research results]]> Shafeeq I. Salih AL-Juboori, , Nadiya S. Mahmood Al-Kababji, Copyright (c) https://rjps.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/radab/article/view/2 Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://rjps.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/radab/article/view/3 <![CDATA[The dictionary of Tahtheeb AL-Lugha by Abi-Mansour AL-Azhari (370H.) has received a great attention by the old and contemporary researchers and scholars. Many researches and studies were written about this dictionary. What is obvious in these researches and studies is that the comments of AL-Azhari were the centre of many of them. Commentaries here mean those texts in which AL-Azhari starts with "I said" which usually comes after mentioning the narrations of the scholars from whom he has qouated or those from whom he has heard or talked to from the speakers of standard Arabic.]]> Amir Bahir Ismeer, , Zahra Sa'd AL-Deen Sheet, Copyright (c) https://rjps.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/radab/article/view/3 Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://rjps.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/radab/article/view/4 <![CDATA[Ibn AL-Taqtaq's is one of the scholars and men of letters who try to adapt themselves to the new situation represented in the Mongol's occupation of many Islamic lands and the fall of the Islamic Abbassid Caliphate in Baghdad (656AH-1258AD). The political and ideological changes imposed by the Mongol especially in the ruling and administrative systems have greatly affected the political vision of Ibn AL-Taqtaq's in his book (Al- Fakhri fi al-db al- Sultniya wal- Duwal al- Islmia). (lit. The Honorary in the Sultanic Ethics and Islamic States). The vision turns out harmonious with the new changes. It crystallizes Ibn al-Taktaki's attitude toward that rule. Ibn AL-Taqtaq's political vision is basically characterized by three characters. The first lies in establishing juristic bases for the Mongol rule. Ibn AL-Taqtaq's state that for a rule to be juristic it must exhibit the ten characteristics of reason, justice, knowledge, piety, forgiveness, generosity, solemnity, policy, fidelity, and the ability to fathom mysterious matters. The second base, however, is providing the advice and instruction that help rulers in general and Mongol rulers in particular keep to their rule through emphasizing the importance of justice, knowledge, autocracy, consultation and forgiveness. As for the third base, it encourages the ruler to treat his subjects with kindness, mercy and justice to maintain security and stability and consequently stable authority.]]> Mohammed Khaled Abdul, Copyright (c) https://rjps.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/radab/article/view/4 Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://rjps.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/radab/article/view/5 <![CDATA[The study of race in poetry is, in my view, a new genre which, to date, has not received widespread critical attention, though it is increasingly being noted in contemporary studies. To describe it as simply racial is neither adequate nor apt. At the same time, the staunch racial aspect cannot be ignored because of the reality it reflects. Studies about race and racism can be traced back to the early part of the twentieth century, at least in relation to the United States of America.]]> Salih Abdullah Abdulrahman, Copyright (c) https://rjps.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/radab/article/view/5 Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://rjps.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/radab/article/view/6 <![CDATA[This research attempts to highlight about English Lady lived in the East about twenty nine years in search for effective political role. Lady Hester Stanhope played a role in the imperialism division plans in the Arab East The aim of this research is exposure about the historical important to political activity of Lady H. Stanhope in Syria , especially Mount of Lebanon. The research was divided in to three sides; first deals with Lady H. Stanhope rise and her political creating. Second tackles her journey and political activity in the East. Third deals with settling in Mount of Lebanon and her activity there.]]> Mahmood S.Sa'eed, Copyright (c) https://rjps.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/radab/article/view/6 Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://rjps.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/radab/article/view/8 <![CDATA[The study aims at identifying the present status at the Collage Of Pharmacy University Of Mosul, as Academic library, Its types of services, collections and acquisitions, and technical services followed in it. It is based on case study method and collecting data through interviews with persons responsible for the library. The study comes out with some conclusions, the most important of Which is the need for professional library staff specialized in the field of ibrarianship and information science. The study also presents some recommendations, among which is to improve the intrenet and serving sufficient computer devices to use them in the library.]]> Wassan S. AL-Hadidi, , Noor F. AL-Omar, Copyright (c) https://rjps.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/radab/article/view/8 Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://rjps.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/radab/article/view/9 <![CDATA[This text was engraved on a cylindrical stone made of white lime with length 10. 2 c. m. and 5. 2 c. m. of thickness. On the surface of this stone 17 lines were inscribted in the shape of framed circle. This text belongs to E. NINNU temple. What is sight catching in this is that the writer distributed the syllables of a single word in more than one line, i. e. some syllables in the above line and its completion in the line below, although there are some similar texts to this type of text that are inscribted on door sockets, baked cones and bricks. This way of inscription is very unique, rare, and unprecedented in cuneiform texts during the historical periods as far as the researcher]]> Muyad M. Sulaiman, Copyright (c) https://rjps.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/radab/article/view/9 Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://rjps.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/radab/article/view/10 <![CDATA[An effective foreign language teaching (henceforth FLT) process usually caters for the development of a set of competences, namely grammatical competence, communicative competence, pragmatic competence, and cultural competence on the part of learners. Cultural competence outlines foreign language (FL) learners' ability to identify themselves with the way of life of the speakers of the FL, i.e. their conventions, customs, beliefs, values, ways of living, etc.. Accordingly, Yang (2005: 28) maintains that the pioneering language teaching theorists Lado, Brooks, Rivers and Chastain have heavily emphasized that understanding the foreign culture should be a demanding aspect of the process of language teaching and learning in general, and that of FLT in particular. Such a viewpoint highlights the fact that language and culture are two complementary elements so intricately interwoven to the extent that one cannot separate the two without losing the significance of either language or culture. In other words, the learning of syntactic structures or new vocabulary and expressions does not suffice unless the FLT process incorporates some cultural elements that are intertwined with language itself (Brown, 2000: 177).]]> Hussein Ali Ahmed, Copyright (c) https://rjps.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/radab/article/view/10 Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://rjps.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/radab/article/view/11 <![CDATA[This research studies the narration of pre-islamic poets and their lives and the occations of their poems reported by narrators .It deals with the authenticity of these news and their narrators based on Al-Hadith science showing what was earlier and what was later.Therefore,the researcher discussed the famous and recurrent narrations of pre-islamic poets and poetry as in Mua`allaqat,the role of Quraish in judging which was good or bad poetry,the story of Antar and Ablaa,the devils of poets and some news about Umru` al-Qays ,al-Nabegha,al-A`asha,Zuhair,Tarafa and others.Hence ,these narrations were used as a basis on which we rely to study poems and their authenticity affects the analysis of these poems revealing their meanings,ideas and signification.]]> Bassim I.Qasim, Copyright (c) https://rjps.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/radab/article/view/11 Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://rjps.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/radab/article/view/12 <![CDATA[The present study demonstrates the secondry meanings implied in the style of separation and junction in the Koran readings. It consists of three chapters. Chapter one shows the definition and origin of dual meanings. It also shows when and how these meanings developed. Chapter two deals with the definition, purposes and positions of separation and junction. Also, it shows the letters related to separation and junction. Chapter three deals with the definition of Qoran readings and the rules of accurate and correct reading. Then, the researcher analyzed all the verses that have two readings, one of them includes separation and the other one includes junction. At first, the researcher mentions the Holy verse, then he mentions the Qoran readings applied on this verse, and the Ottoman copies of the Holy Qoran that support these readings. After that, the researcher mentions the first and the second meanings of separation junction through the contexts in order to show the secret of Qoran miraculous nature in this variety, and all the meanings of verses to be understood by the addressees. The conclusion shows the most important results of study.]]> Muhammad I.Muhammad, Copyright (c) https://rjps.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/radab/article/view/12 Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://rjps.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/radab/article/view/13 <![CDATA[Grape form economic perspective had a great significance in Mesopotamia. It had been mentioned repeatedly in the cuneiform texts referring to its fame and cultivation in Mesopotamia. Grape is a climbing tree and its leave fall soon. Its flowers are in the shape of smaller or bigger clusters with yellowish colour. Moreover, its fruits may differ in shape and size. Grapes are eaten in fresh shape and in dried one as a raisin. Assyrians extended from the environment in which were living elements of unique decoration. This study sheds light on the decorations made Assyrian on grape leaf on reliefs and landscapes.]]> Hussein Z.Hamood, , Ghassan M.AL-najaari, Copyright (c) https://rjps.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/radab/article/view/13 Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://rjps.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/radab/article/view/14 <![CDATA[The present study is not mainly concerned with the functions of a poetic image , its types and all classifications. Also it would not rely on a specific approach according to its concrete , conceptual , emotional or mental connotations. Views and images of researchers about the image as a decorative feature or an artistic aesthetic value have not been considered. This study is not engaged in the balance between critical approaches to specify the concept of image. However, it investigates the kinetics of image in Othman Al-Mosulily's poetry as an applicable orientation with a critical vision collocated with environmental effects , timing , cultural and heritage categories , aesthetics , interaction of personality and topic in the content and structure , and the efficiency of Al-mosily , who is concerned with kinetics of image to convey his intention to the recipient and he is so keen to make the text communicatively acceptable in the subject structure with pragmatic scheme , revealing the effective factors in its formation , specifying the sources of experience and content, expressing an argumentative connection between self and subject , and presupposing a harmony between kinetics of image and its realistic and conceptual input. The aesthetic value lies in the objectivity of kinetics as a formation loaded with interactive images , having the ability of realizing excitement and motivating mind by signs recognized by the recipient and considered by the study as an essential element for forming poetry and an open horizon loaded poetic components including images syntactically interrelated which do not subject to mathematic relations in logical]]> Sherif B. Ahmed, Copyright (c) https://rjps.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/radab/article/view/14 Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://rjps.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/radab/article/view/15 <![CDATA[La traduction occupe une place remarquablement importante dans l'enseignement de FLE. Elle est aussi un moyen de contact entre les peuples et les cultures. L'enseignement de la traduction doit jouer un rle primordial pour prparer les futurs traducteurs. Comme l'activit de traduction est si majeure, il est indispensable de l'enseigner d'une manire correcte et efficace. Dans cette recherche, nous essayons de montrer la situation de l'enseignement de la traduction en Irak et de donner un claircissement pour la problmatique de l'enseignement de la traduction dans ce pays.]]> Dara Hasan Taha, Copyright (c) https://rjps.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/radab/article/view/15 Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://rjps.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/radab/article/view/7 <![CDATA[The study of translation strategy allows us to study the way translation works. It clarifies which option the translator has chosen to carry out the translation, i. e. , which plan or method has been chosen, and how s/he has solved. How has the translator solved the problems that have emerged during the translation process, i. e. , which strategies have been chosen? In this sense, a strategy is carried out through a process which consists of a sequence of decisions and executive processes. The ultimate goal of the translator is to come up with a desirable target language (TL) text interpretable to the reader. This goal may be realized by choosing the best strategy, amongst several alternatives, adopted by the translator. The question then arises as to what strategy a translator can choose to encode the information presented in the source language (SL) and capture something of the legal register which primarily aims at readability and secondarily, at retaining a close fidelity to the tenor and tone of the original to make the target text (TT) comprehensible and intelligible. In legal texts, the main interest of the present study, for instance, translators can not provide an accurate translation of certain notions unless they have a clear understanding of the overall institutional system to which they belong. Many concepts used in various disciplines are shared internationally, but the law of the country can not be separated from its culture (Selmi and Tronille, 1999:2). The legal translator has to resort to cultural transposition when confronted with foreign concepts that do not exist in the (TL). Since most legal concepts are the product of a national legal system, the terminology of the different system is "conceptually incongruent"(Sarcevic 1997: 232). In legal translation, due to the systemic differences in law, many legal terms in one language do not find ready equivalents in another, causing both linguistic and legal complications.]]> Salem Yahya Fathi, Copyright (c) https://rjps.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/radab/article/view/7 Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000