مضمون العقد کرکن جدید من أرکان العقد فی القانون المدنی الفرنسی دراسة تحلیلیة مقارنة بالقانون الإنکلیزی والعراقی

القسم: RESEARCH
إصدار
مجلد 21 عدد 68 (2019): المجلد 21 العدد 68
منشور
Aug 4, 2025
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1-59

الملخص

یعد مضمون العقد رکناً جدیداً من أرکان العقد فی القانون المدنی الفرنسی بعد التعدیل الجذری الذی أجراه المشرع الفرنسی على القانون المدنی لعام 1804. وتناول على وجه التحدید قانون العقود والنظریة العامة للالتزامات والإثبات، وذلک بمقتضى المرسوم ذو الرقم (n° 2016-131) الصادر فی العاشر من شباط/ فبرایر عام 2016، والذی صار نافذ المفعول فی الأول من أکتوبر/ تشرین الأول من نفس العام. ولعل من أبرز التعدیلات هی إضافة المادة (1128) الجدیدة إلى القانون المدنی الفرنسی والتی حددت أرکان العقد بالتراضی والأهلیة ومضمون العقد المشروع والمؤکد، وإلغاء المادة (1108) القدیمة من هذا القانون. وعلى الرغم من أن القانون الانکلیزی لا یعرف فکرة السبب کرکن مستقل من أرکان العقد، إلا أنه عوض عنها عن طریق رکن مقابل الالتزام بالوعد، فضلاً عن بعض المبادئ القانونیة، کمبدأ استحالة تنفیذ الالتزام التعاقدی، ومبدأ عدم مشروعیة العقد. أما القانون المدنی العراقی رقم (40) لسنة 1951 فإنه لا یزال متمسکاً برکن السبب کرکن مستقل من أرکان العقد، فضلاً عن رکنی التراضی والمحل. إلا أنه یمتلک البدائل اللازمة للتخلص من رکن السبب.

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یونس المختار

کلیة القانون والغلاقات الدولیة والدبلماسیة/ جامعة جیهان

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المعرفات

https://doi.org/10.33899/alaw.2019.163118
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