الآلیات الدولیة لاسترداد الآثار العراقیة المسروقة
الملخص
یعد موضوع الحمایة الدولیة للتراث الثقافی بشکل عام والآثار بشکل خاص من المواضیع المهمة، لذلک اوجد المجتمع الدولی العدید من الاتفاقیات التی تجسد الهدف منها فی حمایة الآثار واستردادها فی حال تعرضها للسرقة، والمعروف ان الآثار العراقیة قد تعرضت للعدید من عملیات السرقة والنهب، ولعل ما طال الآثار العراقیة خلال عامی (2003 و 2014) من اعمال سرقة تعبر عن حجم المأساة الثقافیة التی تعرضت لها هذه الآثار، ازاء ذلک یسعى العراق وبدعم واسناد من المجتمع الدولی الى حمایة و استرداد اثاره المسروقة والتی تعرض الیوم فی العدید من المتاحف على مستوى العالم، وقد تمکن العراق من استرجاع البعض من تلک الآثار، الا ان الغالب منها لم یتم استرجاعه لحد الان ولعل السبب فی ذلک یعود الى العدید من المعوقات، اهمها قاعدة التقادم التی اخذت بها الاتفاقیات الدولیة التی تعنى بحمایة واسترداد الآثار المسروقة منها اتفاقیة عام 1970، واتفاقیة استرجاع الممتلکات الثقافیة المسروقة او المصدرة بطرق غیر مشروعة لعام، 1995، فضلاً عن امتناع العدید من الدول عن ارجاع الآثار المسروقة بحکم قوتها ونفوذها، لان تلک الآثار تشکل مصدراً مهماً لدخل تلک الدول. ونحن ومن اجل ابراز جهود المجتمع الدولی فی استرداد الآثار العراقیة المسروقة، فقد تطرقنا الى دور کل من الیونسکو والإنتربول فضلاً عن منظمة الامم المتحدة فی هذا الصدد وقد حاولنا من خلال هذه الدراسة تقدیم بعض التوصیات التی یمکن ان تساهم فی استرداد الآثار العراقیة التی تعرضت للسرقة.
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