Exploring the Clinical Signs and Underlying Processes of Drug-Induced Nephrotoxicity: A concentrated review…

Introduction: Nephrotoxicity caused by medicine is a prevalent side effect of many drugs. It can occur as an inpatient or outpatient condition and range in severity from a minor, treatable injury to a severe kidney disease. Symptoms of drug-induced nephrotoxicity include proteinuria, acid-base abnormalities, abnormal urine tests, electrolyte imbalances, hematuria, pyuria, and, most frequently, a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate. Pharmaceuticals or pharmacologic classes have several causes of drug-induced nephrotoxicity, and these reasons are typically categorized based on the histology of the injured kidney. Examples of drug-induced nephrotoxicity include aminoglycoside drugs, radiocontrast material, amphotericin B, selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. This review explores both the clinical signs and underlying processes of drug-induced nephrotoxicity.Aim: The present study concentrates on the reasons and mechanisms of the nephrotoxicity caused by medicines.Methods: The Iraqi Virtual Scientific Library, Google Scholars, and PubMed are the main sources that were relied upon to complete this review.Results: The review demonstrates that different kinds of renal disease can be caused by regular drug use via multiple pathways.Conclusion: Investigation into the crucial problem of drug-induced nephrotoxicity is necessary in order to fully comprehend the mechanisms causing renal damage and how to avoid it. To avoid the negative effects of nephrotoxicity, it is advantageous to maintain proper and consistent hydration, replenish lost electrolytes, and refrain from taking concurrent medications.