Anethum graveolens and Allium polyanthum extracts suppress obesity in HFD-fed rats

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-obesity effects of Anethum graveolens (AGE) and Allium polyanthum (APE) extracts on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in male Wistar rats.Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups: Normal Control (NC), High-Fat Diet Control (HFD-C), HFD + AGE, and HFD + APE. Obesity was induced in all groups except the NC by feeding them an HFD for eight weeks. The treatment groups received intragastric administration of AGE or APE (300 mg/kg BW) daily for eight weeks. Weekly measurements of body weight and food intake were recorded. At the end of the study, serum biochemical parameters, including triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), glucose, malondialdehyde (MDA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were analyzed.Results: HFD-fed rats exhibited significant increases in body weight, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, hepatic dysfunction, and oxidative stress compared to the NC group. Treatment with APE significantly reduced body weight gain and improved biochemical markers compared to the HFD-C group. AGE treatment significantly improved biochemical parameters but did not significantly affect body weight gain.Conclusion: Allium polyanthum extract effectively mitigates HFD-induced obesity and its associated physiological effects, mainly by reducing weight gain and improving serum biochemical markers. Anethum graveolens extract also positively impacts obesity-related biochemical markers but is less effective in controlling weight gain.