Contraceptive Method Usage among Women: A Comparative Analysis by Sociodemographic Factors

Background: Family planning services are a critical component of global health systems and are recognized as one of the most cost-effective strategies for preventing maternal mortality. However, many women of reproductive age worldwide lack access to these services, leading to millions of unintended pregnancies and unsafe abortions. This study aims to explore the association between womens sociodemographic factors and their choice of contraceptive methods in Kirkuk City, Iraq.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the family planning units of 10 Primary Health Care Facilities and Azadi Teaching Hospital in Kirkuk, Iraq. The study utilized a convenience sample of 500 married women. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire from November 1st, 2023, to January 1st, 2024.Results: Most participants (25.6%) were aged 30-35, 32.2% had a bachelor's degree, 81% resided in urban areas, and 53.2% were homemakers. Contraceptive use was reported by 74.6% of participants, with the most commonly used methods being condoms (21.0%), natural withdrawal (16.0%), intrauterine devices (12.6%), and combination oral contraceptives (10.2%). Significant associations were found between contraceptive method choice and sociodemographic factors such as family income, number of family members, husband's education, and employment (p<0.001). However, no significant associations were observed for age (p=0.122), residence (p=0.414), religion (p=0.122), or womens education (p=0.943).Conclusion: This study highlights the influence of socioeconomic and familial factors on womens contraceptive choices in Kirkuk, Iraq. While income, family size, husbands education, and employment significantly impacted contraceptive use, factors such as age, residence, religion, and womens education did not. To enhance the effectiveness of family planning initiatives, it is crucial to incorporate socioeconomic, familial, and individual factors, ensuring that women have access to a variety of contraceptive options that meet their specific needs.