Detection of qnr genes in ESBLs producing and non-producing coliforms

Section: Original Articles
Issue
Vol. 3 No. 1 (2015): Volume 3 Issue 1
Published
Mar 14, 2015
Pages
26-33

Abstract

Background and objectives: The discovery of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) in the late 1990's added a new dimension to quinolone resistance. During the last years, the occurrence of extended-spectrum--lactameses (ESBLs) and (PMQR) within coliforms group has gained particular attention. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone resistance genes in ESBL-producing coliforms Materials and method: One hundred and seventy three clinical samples collected from both gender , (110) from urinary tract infections ( UTIs ), and (63) from patients with diabetic foot infections ( DFIs ) who visited or admitted to AL- Salam General Teaching Hospital and AL- Wafaa center for diabetic patients in Mosul city of Ninavah province / Iraq from April 2013 to February 2014.The isolates were identified to species level depended on morphological, biochemical and physiological tests and confirmed by RapIDTM ONE system (Remel \ USA). Results: The results showed the majority of them were resistant to most antibiotics. Resistance was observed most often to nalidixic acid (85.9%)followed by norfloxacin (70.5%) and ciprofloxacin (67%). All ciprofloxacin resistant isolates were tested for their ability to produce the extended spectrum -lactamase (ESBL) enzymes using the double disk synergy test (DDST). Out of the total (57) ciprofloxacin resistant coliforms tested, (66.7%) were ESBL producers. Ciprofloxacin resistant coliforms species were conducted for PCR to investigate the presence of qnr genes. Out of (57) ciprofloxacin resistant spp. qnrB gene (469 bp) was detected in 14(24.6%) spp. while none of the species had qnrA and qnrS genes in our study. The results also revealed that qnrB gene was found in all (100%) of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae spp.

References

  1. Ahmed, O.I.; El-Hady, S.A.; Ahmed, T.M. and Ahmed, I.Z. (2013). Detection of bla SHV and bla CTX-M genes in ESBL producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from Egyptian patients with suspected nosocomial infections. Egypt J. Med. Hum. Gen., 14: 277-283.
  2. Al-Marjani, M.F.; Kadhim, K.A.; Kadhim, A.A. and Kinani, A. (2015). Ciprofloxacin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients in Baghdad. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res., 6(2): 382-385.
  3. Alo, M.N.; Anyim, C.; Igwe, J.C. and Elom, M. (2012). Presence of extended spectrum -lactamase (ESBL) E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from blood cultures of hospitalized patients. Adv. Appl. Sci. Res., 3(2): 821-825.
  4. Basavzraj, M. and Jyothi, P. (2015). Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Citrobacter spp. isolated from patients with urinary tract infections in tertiary care hospital in south India. Int. J. Pharm. Pharmace. Sci., 7(1): 252-254.
  5. Bauer, A.W.; Kirby, W.M.M.; Sherris, J.C. and Turck, M. (1966). Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disc method. Amer. J. Clin. Pathol., 45: 493-496.
  6. Dhakal, B.K.; Kulesus, R.R. and Mulvey, M.A. (2008). Mechanism and consequences of bladder cell invasion by uropathogenic Escherichia coli.Eur. J. Clin. Inv.,38(2):2-11.
  7. Dishvarian, J.A. (2010). Detection of som bacterial infection in urinary tract and their antibiotic sensitivity. Inter. J. Sci. Tech., 5(3): 21-29.
  8. El-Mahdy, R.H. (2015). Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants in nosocomial isolates of Enterobacteriaceae. Egypt. J. Med. Microbiol., 24(1): 43-48.
  9. Goudarzi, M.; Fazeli, M.; Azad, M. and Seyedjavadi, S.S. (2015). Prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants in extended-spectrum -lactamase producing Escherichia coli isolated from patients with nosocomial urinary tract infection in Tehran, Iran. Acta Cir. Bras., 30(2): 71-83.
  10. Guo, Q.; Weng, J.and Wang, M. (2010). A mutational analysis and molecular dynamics simulation of quinolone resistance proteins QnrA1 and QnrC from Proteus mirabilis. BMC Struct. Biol., 10: 33.
  11. Kim, M.H.; Lee, H.J.; Park, K.S. and Suh, J.T. (2010). Molecular characteristics of extended spectrum beta-lactamase in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae and the prevalence of qnr in extended spectrum beta-lactamase isolates in a tertiary care hospital in Korea. Yonsei Med. J., 51(5): 768-774.
  12. Lafi, M.A.K. and Mohammed, S.M. (2012). Novel -lactamases in the clinical isolates of Enterobacter spp. and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Ramadi general hospital: A pharmacodynamics study. Iraqi J. Comm. Med., 2: 124- 129.
  13. Lyonga, E.E.; Toukam, M.; Atashili, J.; Gonsu ,H.K.; Adiogo, D.; Mesembe, M.; Nguefack-Tsague, G.; Eyoh, A.; Ikomey, G.; Mukwele, B.; Meli, T. J.M. and Okomo, A. M.C. (2014). A comparative study on susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae to six quinolones in Yaounde. Health Sci. Dis., 14(4): 1-7.
  14. Majumdar, D.; Sharan, H. and Singh, D.N. (2012). Fluoroquinolone resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. in community-acquired urinary tract infection in rural Kanpur, India. J. Clin. Diag. Res., 6(6): 978-981.
  15. Namboodiri, S.; Opintan, J.A.; Lijek, R.S.; Newman, M.J. and Okeke, I.N. (2011). Quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli from Accra, Ghana. BMC. Microbiol., 11:44-52.
  16. Ogbolu, D.O.; Daina, O.A.; Ogunledun, A.; Terry, A.O.; Olusoga-Ogbolu, F.F. and Webber, M.A. (2012). Effect of gyrA and parC mutations in quinolones resistant clinical gram-negative bacteria from Nigeria. Afr. J. Biomed. Res., 15: 97-104.
  17. Pakzad, I.; Ghafourian, S.; Taherikalani, M.; Sadeghifard, N.; Abtahi, H.; Rahbar, M. and Jamshidi, N.R. (2011). qnr prevalence in extended spectrum Beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and non-ESBLs producing Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infections in central of Iran. Iran. J. Basic. Med. Sci., 14(5): 458-464.
  18. Pasom, W.; Chanawong, A. and Lulitanond, A. (2013). Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes , aac(6')-Ib-cr , qnrS , qnrB , and qnrA , in urinary isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae at a teaching hospitals , Thailand. Jpn. J. Infect. Dis., 66: 428-432.
  19. Raei, F.; Eftekhar, F. and Feizabadi, M.M. (2014). Prevalence of quinolone resistance among extended-spectrum -lactamase producing uropathogenic Klebsiella pneumoniae. Jundishapur J. Microbiol., 7(6): 1-5.
  20. Rushdy, A.A.; Mabrouk, M.I.; Abu-Sef, F.A.; Kheiralla, Z.H.; Abdell-All, S.M. and Saleh, N.M. (2013). Contribution of different mechanisms to the resistance to fluoroquinolones in clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica. Braz. J. Infect. Dis., 17(4): 431-437.
  21. Saboohi, R.; Rajaei, B.; Rad, N.; Razavi, M.; Aghasadeghi, M.; Moshiri, A.; Bahremand, A.R.; Kava, K.; Zangeneh, M.; Rahbar, M.; Sarvestani, S.K. and Siadat, S.D. (2014). Molecular detection and association of qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, and blaCMY resistance genes among clinical isolates of Salmonella spp. in Iran. Advan. Microbiol., 4: 63-68.
  22. Sambrook, J. and Russell, D. W. (2001). Molecular cloning: a laboratory Manual. 3rd ed., vol. 1. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.
  23. Saranya, K.; Pavulraj, S.; Kalaiselvi, L.; Amasaveni, S. and Ramesh, S. (2013). Antibacterial susceptibility profiles of coliforms isolated from bovine subclinical and clinical mastitis against fluoroquinolones. Tamilnadu J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 9(4): 279-284.
  24. Sureshkumar, M.; Gopinathan, S.; Rajesh, K.R. and Priyadharsini, I. (2012). Prevalence of ciprofloxacin resistance among gram-negative bacilli in a tertiary care hospital. J. Clin. Diag. Res., 6(2): 180-181.
  25. Tarchouna, M.; Ferjani, A.; Marzouk, M.; Guedda, I. and Boukadida, J. (2015). Prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance detrminants among clinical isolates of Escherichia coli in a Tunisian hospitals. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App.Sci.,4(3):195-206.
  26. Tarchouna, M.; Ferjani, A.; Marzouk, M.; Guedda, I. and Boukadida, J. (2015). Prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance detrminants among clinical isolates of Escherichia coli in a Tunisian hospitals. Int. J.Curr.Microbiol. App.Sci.,4(3):195-206.
  27. Tolun, V.; Kucukbasmaci, O.; Torumkuney, D.; Catal, C.; Ang, M. and Ang, O. (2004). Relationship between ciprofloxacin resistance and extended-spectrum -lactamase production in Escherichia coli and Klebiella pneumoniae strains. Cli. Microbiol. Infect., 10: 72-75.
  28. Tuwaij, N.S.S. (2014). Phenotypic and molecular characterization of ESBLs produced by Serratia marcescens isolates in Najaf hospitals. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Kufa. Iraq.
  29. Vali, L.; Dashti, A.A.; Jadaon, M.M. and El-Shazly, S. (2015). The emergence of plasmid mediated quinolone resistance qnrA2 in extended spectrum -lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in the Middle East. DARU J. Pharm. Sci., 23: 34-39.
  30. Wang, A.; Yang, Y.; Lu, Q.; Wang, Y.; Chen, Y.; Deng, L.; Ding, H.; Deng, Q.; Zhang, H.; Wang, C.; Liu, L.; Xu, X.; Wang, L. and Shen, X. (2008). Presence of qnr gene in Escherichia coli and Klebiella pneumoniae resistant to ciprofloxacin isolated from pediatric patients in China. BMC. Infect. Dis., 8(68): 1-6.
  31. Zaki, M. and Elewa, A. (2015). Evaluation of uropathogenic virulence genes in Escherichia coli isolated from children with urinary tract infection. Int. J. Adv. Res., 3(3):165-173.

Authors

Mohammed taha Mahmood

PhD Candidate / College of Nursing /University of Mosul

Basima ahmad Abdullah

Professor / College of Science / University of Mosul

Identifiers

Download this PDF file
PDF

Statistics