If language is considered the first basis of human civilization because it enabled man to communicate with his people and exchange experiences and opinions, then the invention of writing helped to preserve and accumulate over time, which contributed to the emergence and development of civilizations. Thus, historians have considered the invention of writing as a dividing line between two types of eras in the history of humanity: prehistoric and historical eras. This distinction is based on the premise that people in prehistoric times did not leave written traces, which the historian can refer to in his history of accidents, and all that he knows about these ancient ages is only known by speculative study of the remains and research on studying the age of rocks and fossils.
The credit for the invention of writing goes to the Sumerians, who knew cuneiform writing up to the year 2600 BC. M. Then the Egyptians and Phoenicians contributed to developing the alphabet and spreading it in the ancient world.
Writing was considered by the ancients to be a sacred thing because it seemed strange how a person could communicate with another person through some inscriptions he draws. Therefore, the Greeks called the ancient Egyptian writing "hieroglyphs", meaning the sacred planning or formation, and as long as writing allows its owner an ability of knowledge that enables him to simplify His control and influence over others, as it was monopolized by the dominant factions in ancient societies and considered this a sacred secret that no one could divulge into, which kept the masses away from knowledge and made it the monopoly of priests and rulers.