السياسة الفرنسية تجاه افريقيا منذ العام 2017

Section: Articles
Published
Dec 1, 2025
Pages
115-131

Abstract

During the colonial era, France pursued a policy of direct control over its colonies in Africa. After its independence and liberation from French colonialism during the period from 1956 to 1977, France sought by all means to ensure its control over its former colonies. To this end, it adopted the France-Afrique policy. However, this policy became widely rejected by African countries, both officially and popularly, forcing France to reconsider its policy towards Africa. This shift was most clearly evident after French President Emmanuel Macron assumed power in 2017, adopting a new policy towards Africa and expanding the scope of his activities to African regions not previously under French colonial rule. During his visits to Africa, he focused on several issues, including food security, development, entrepreneurship, human rights, democracy, education, and culture.

References

  1. Makengo, B. M. (2022, May). Exploring the Gradual Decline of France’s Traditional Policy in Africa, from the 1990s to this New Era of Globalization. Academia Letters, pp. 1-4.
  2. Afsar, & El-Hayanı, A. (2023, November). The impact of French foreign policy towards Africa on the external migration policy of the European Union. Acta Politica Polonica, pp. 58, 62 – 64.
  3. After the Ouagadougou speech. (2021, November). Retrieved from Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs: https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files/africa/after-the-ouagadougou-speech/
  4. Busch, D. K. (2017, June 17). Is the U.S. taxpayer paying for French neo-colonialism in Africa. Retrieved from Lima Charlie Media: https://limacharlienews.com/mena/france-us-africa/
  5. C. B., & P. R. (2022, July 25 ). Emmanuel Macron's tricky visit to Africa. Retrieved from Le Monde newspaper: https://n9.cl/oerkv8
  6. D. M. (2023, September). France’s Africa Policy under President Macron. SWP Comment, pp. 1-4.
  7. D. M. (2025, January). The End of Françafrique: A Second Decolonisation Wave in Africa. Trend Report, pp. 3-5.
  8. F. B. ( 2022, October). Normative Expectations and the Colonial Past: Apologies and Art Restitution to Former Colonies in France and Germany. Global Studies Quarterly, p. 5.
  9. France ‘enabled’ 1994 Rwanda genocide, report says. (2021, April 19). Retrieved from Al Jazeera: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/4/19/france-enabled-1994-rwanda-genocide-report-says
  10. France and Mali. (2023, January 26). Retrieved from Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs: https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files/mali/france-and-mali-65154/
  11. France must demonstrate 'profound humility' towards Africa, Macron says ahead of four-nation trip. (2023, 2 27). Retrieved from France 24: https://www.france24.com/en/france/20230227-macron-to-outline-france-s-revamped-africa-policy-ahead-of-four-nation-trip
  12. France reflects on role in Rwanda genocide as Macron starts visit. (2021, May 27). Retrieved from Africanews: https://www.africanews.com/2021/05/27/france-reflects-on-role-in-rwanda-as-macron-starts-visit//
  13. G. G. (2017, 8 30). France’s Macron sets up advisory body to help shape Africa policy. Retrieved from French 24: https://www.france24.com/en/20170830-france-macron-presidential-council-africa-foreign-policy
  14. L. C. (2021, June 3). France’s Role In The 1994 Rwandan Genocide. Retrieved from Human Rights Pulse: https://www.humanrightspulse.com/mastercontentblog/frances-role-in-the-1994-rwandan-genocide
  15. L. L., & A. A. (may 2023). Emmanuel Macron's Trip to Central Africa: A Look Back on a Difficult Diplomatic Exercise. Paris: Ifri's Sub-Saharan Africa center.
  16. List of international presidential trips made by Emmanuel Macron. (2025, June). Retrieved from Wikipedia: https://n9.cl/7yu87k
  17. Macron arrives in Burkina on the first leg of his first Africa tour. (2017, 11 28). Retrieved from France 24: https://www.france24.com/en/20171128-france-africa-macron-burkina-faso
  18. Macron embarks on African visit to 'renew relationship' with continent. (2022, July 25). Retrieved from France 24: https://n9.cl/vgh8j
  19. Macron embarks on whirlwind East Africa tour. (2019, March 11). Retrieved from France 24: https://www.france24.com/en/20190311-france-macron-whirlwind-tour-east-africa-djibouti-ethiopia-kenya
  20. Macron pledges French support in Benin for security, culture and education,. (2022, July 27). Retrieved from France 24: https://n9.cl/oge5z
  21. Macron: 'I am of a generation that doesn't tell Africans what to do'. (2017, 11 30). Retrieved from France 24: https://www.france24.com/en/20171128-france-macron-burkina-faso-tour-africa
  22. Macron’s Africa visit reveals determination to weaken China’s grip on the continent. (2019, March 16). Retrieved from Chanel Monteine: https://n9.cl/5wos7
  23. Macron’s Tour A new French strategy for Africa. (2023, March 9). Retrieved from Future for Advanced Research and Studies (FARAS): https://futureuae.com/ar-4/Mainpage/Item/8073/macrons-tour-a-new-french-strategy-for-africa
  24. Macron's visit to Africa. ( 2022, August 9). Retrieved from Africa Monitor: https://n9.cl/i1bmhc
  25. O. F. (2023, March 13). The repeated farewells of French presidents to 'Françafrique'. Retrieved from Le Monde newspaper: https://n9.cl/fq36f
  26. O. M. (2023, April 17). Emmanuel Macron visits Africa . Retrieved from Amjambo Africa: https://www.amjamboafrica.com/emmanuel-macron-visits-africa/
  27. P. M. ( 2023, March 4). Emmanuel Macron's mission to counter Russia in Africa. Retrieved from BBC: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-64822485
  28. P. M. ( 2023, October). France and its African policy. International Viewpoint, p. 3.
  29. President Emmanuel Macron visits Rwanda. (2021, May 27). Retrieved from Republic of Rwanda: https://www.gov.rw/blog-detail/president-emmanuel-macron-visits-rwanda
  30. R. F. (April 2022). The future of France-Africa relations: lessons from France’s engagement with Africa under Macron and recommendations for the incoming President of France. London: ODI Global - Overseas Development Institute.
  31. Raphaëlle. (n.d.).
  32. S. F. (2020, 3 8). Françafrique lives on. Retrieved from Deutsche Welle: https://www.dw.com/en/africa-and-france-an-unfulfilled-dream-of-independence/a-54418511
  33. T. G. (2024, February). A French Neo-colonialism? The Controversial Concept of Françafrique. The English Historical Review, pp. 193-195.
  34. Thakor, H. (2023, September 1). France’s Africa policy is in tatters. Gabon military coup – the 8th … or is it the 9th coup in three years; lethal blow to “Francafrique”. Retrieved from Rob Prince's Blog: https://n9.cl/mk4nx
  35. Thelma, C. C. (2024, September). French colonialism and neocolonialism in Africa: A comprehensive analysis. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, pp. 2062 – 2064.
  36. W. R. (2023, March). France new approach in Africa in the context of Russian hybrid operations. Pulaski Policy Paper, p. 1.

Statistics