Distortion in the Projections and the Systems of Coordinates

. ( ) . . ( ) . . . .. ... .We acquire in our work a great deal of our own work and specialty, thats to say , in Geography. It gives us knowledge to deal with the syllabus itself and how to deal with the syllabus and the map , since the latter represents the activities of human beings related the abilities which can be shown on the map itself . these frequent phenomena come throughout visual language ,thus , it requires full-undress taunting of any location in the word to make any map for any part of world, We have to select aspecific projection and its area and angel in the process of the projection and the drawing it self . To limit this distortion that happens as a result of the process of projection on the natural area in those three dimensions , and the appearance of the wanted map and limiting and reducing what can be reduced of these distortions which can be seen on the plain area which has two dimensions .This process urges the cartography to construct his choice, depending on the choice of the projection for any known geographical area .In choosing any projection , we have to be aware of knowing this geographical or astronomical location for the country itself. and choosing the suitable projection with the appearance of those projections in the work itself . He should be aware of , also , the used coordinates in the work itself to achieve his own aim , He should , also , be aware of the accuracy in using those coordinates as known by (polar , Cartesian) and the accuracy in applying the mathematical relationship which has something to do with the projection itself and the number of these coordinate on the map . He must be aware of the relationship axes of the plain and area the geographical area and moving it for deciding and pointing to any point on the earth which has a global shape. Maps which has small sizes are not enough to make or achieve accuracy and know reasons of the exact geographical coordinates .Its necessary to know the negative sign in the coordinates and cure it, starting from the scratch to be suitable for serving this purpose .What urges me to make this simple work is to serve my countrymen and the people around me and to my county .