Integration of 2D Resistivity Method and Water Quality Index to Evaluate Groundwater in Ramadi City, Iraq

Th study ara is located in Ramadi City, western Iraq. Two methods are employed to evaluate the groundwater quality; first is Water Quality Index (WQI), and second is 2D resistivity method. A total of 20 groundwatr sampls are collected from wells in various locations from Ramadi City to valuat its suitability for human consumption. Various physiochemical parameters are analyzed including pH, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, hardness, calcium, sodium, magnesium, chloride, sulfate, bicarbonate, and nitrate. The results are then compared with the standard limits for drinking water set by the Iraqi standard (ICOSQC, 2009). The results show that the values of the samples are within the acceptable limits for pH and NO3-, while most of the samples exceed the limits of the Iraqi standards. Groundwater quality is classified as poor to unsuitable for human drinking purposes based on WQI with a value range from 73.12 to 117.7. Three 2D resistivity profiles are utilized to delineate the groundwater contamination zone. The RES2DINV software employs a robust inversion method for processing and interpretation of 2D resistivity data. The 2D resistivity models indicate that the groundwater contamination zone exhibits a low resistivity value extending to a depth of 10 m. Both methods have identified sewage water and human activity as the primary contributors to groundwater contamination. Therefore, the treatment, management, and monitoring of the groundwater in Ramadi City are crucial to mitigate the environmental impacts on the health of society.