Determination of Contributing Factors of Childhood Weight Gain, Obesity, and their Adverse Effects on Child Health Complications in Sulaimani City, Iraq

Background: Childhood obesity is a critical health issue globally, with increasing prevalence and significant long-term health implications. This study aims to elucidate the contributing factors to childhood weight gain and the resultant health complications in children from Sulaimani City, Iraq.Objectives: To identify the primary factors contributing to weight gain and obesity among children in Sulaimani City and to examine the associated health risks and complications.Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 130 children aged between 6 and 12 years from Sulaimani City. Participants were categorized based on Body Mass Index (BMI) as either overweight or obese. Data were collected through physical examinations and parent-reported questionnaires assessing dietary habits, physical activity levels, and family health history. Key health indicators measured included Random Blood Sugar (RBS), Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP).Results: Of the participants, 85.38% were classified as overweight and 14.62% as obese. Obese children exhibited significantly higher RBS, SBP, and DBP compared to overweight participants. Statistical analysis showed strong positive correlations between BMI and each of the health indicators. Dietary patterns, particularly high consumption of unhealthy foods, were closely linked with higher BMI and obesity. Furthermore, obese children were more likely to suffer from chronic health issues than their overweight counterparts.Conclusions: The study highlights the significant impact of dietary habits and physical activity on the health of children in Sulaimani City. It underscores the need for community-based health interventions that promote healthier eating and increased physical activity to combat the growing issue of childhood obesity and its associated health risks.