العقيدة النووية وسياسة الأمن القومي الإيراني بعد عام 2018: دراسة في توظيف نظرية الأمننة
الملخص
تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل التحولات الجوهرية التي طرأت على العقيدة النووية وسياسة الأمن القومي الإيراني بعد انسحاب الولايات المتحدة من الاتفاق النووي في مايو 2018، من خلال توظيف نظرية الأمننة بوصفها إطاراً تحليلياً يفسّر كيفية انتقال البرنامج النووي الإيراني من قضية سياسية – تقنية إلى قضية أمنية وجودية.
تركّز الدراسة على الكيفية التي وظّف بها صُنّاع القرار في طهران خطاب "التهديد الخارجي"، ولا سيّما تجاه الولايات المتحدة وإسرائيل، لتبرير سياسات استثنائية في المجالين الداخلي والخارجي، وتعزيز مشروعية تطوير القدرات النووية باعتبارها ضرورة دفاعية لحماية النظام والدولة، كما تبحث الدراسة في انعكاسات الخطاب الأمني على بنية ومؤسسات الأمن القومي الإيراني، وعلى علاقات إيران الإقليمية والدولية، بما في ذلك تغيّر مقارباتها التفاوضية ومستوى انخراطها في الصراعات الإقليمية.
وتخلص النتائج إلى أنّ مرحلة ما بعد 2018 مثّلت نقطة تحوّل مفصلية في العقيدة النووية الإيرانية، انتقلت فيها السياسة من نهجٍ قائمٍ على (الالتزام والمرونة) إلى نهجٍ يقوم على (الردع والمواجهة)، بفعل تصاعد منطق الأمننة الذي جعل البرنامج النووي محوراً لهوية الدولة ومؤشرًا لسيادتها واستقلال قرارها الاستراتيجي.
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