ادرس الديمقراطية التوافقية وتاثيرها في تعزيز الاندماج المجتمعي في بلجيكا

القسم: Articles
منشور
Dec 1, 2025
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266-290

الملخص

نستطيع القول ان مفهوم الديمقراطية التوافقية برز أهميته كنموذج ناجح في معالجة بعض المشكلات والأزمات التي تعاني منها المجتمعات التي تتميز بقدر كبير من التعدد والانقسام وغياب الاندماج المجتمعي ، وقد ساعدت البنى الاجتماعية والثقافية وبالأخص الاختلاف اللغوي في بلجيكا الى تبني الديمقراطية التوافقية للحفاظ على وحدة الدولة ، وكان للأحزاب السياسية دور مهم في التوجه نحو التوافقية في الحكم بعدما تحولت الأحزاب من المستوى الوطني الى المستوى الإقليمي .


يعد الاندماج المجتمعي جوهر أي تجربة ديمقراطية معاصرة ، فالاندماج المجتمعي يمثل قدرة مختلف شرائح المجتمع اللغوية والثقافية والدينية على التعايش والتفاعل ضمن اطار وطني موحد قائم على المساواة والاعتراف المتبادل .


ان عملية بناء الدولة البلجيكية اثار إشكاليات عديدة من بينها متغير التعددية المجتمعية كمتغير رئيس ودوره في تشكيل المؤسسات السياسية في بلجيكا ، فالعلاقة بين المكونات القومية البلجيكية شهدت توترات عديدة الامر الذي أدى الى حدوث حالة عدم الاستقرار التي عانت منها مملكة بلجيكا بسبب اخفاقها في تحقيق الاندماج المجتمعي ضمن اطار دولة وحدوية بسيطة مما اجبر الحكومة البلجيكية الى تغيير شكل الدولة الى دولة فيدرالية (توافقية ) ، وللحيلولة دون انهيار الدولة نتيجة مطالبات الفلامينكيين بالاستقلال ، وسعي الوالونيون الى الانفصال عن مملكة بلجيكا والانضمام الى فرنسا التي تربطها بها اصل وتاريخ ولغة مشتركة .


لم يخل نموذج التوافقية في مملكة بلجيكا من تحديات ومشاكل بنيوية تمثلت في إطالة امد تشكيل الحكومات ، واصبح النظام اسير مصالح النخب السياسية اكثر من كونه تعبير عن الإرادة الشعبية ، كما ساهم أيضا في الاعتراف المؤسسي بالهويات اللغوية الذي انعكس بدوره في ترسيخ الانقسام المجتمعي واضعاف الهوية الوطنية الجامعة .

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